Bull and Bear Markets: Why Your Next Move Matters Most

Yahoo Finance ·

The United States stock market boasts a robust history of long-term gains, with the S&P 500 index generating an average annual return of 10 percent over nearly a century. During bull markets, equities surge, market participants feel optimistic, and wealth generation is widespread. Conversely, economic instability, global crises, and disappointing corporate earnings can trigger widespread selling. When major indices like the S&P 500 drop 20 percent or more from recent peaks, it officially marks a bear market. Fidelity research indicates that since 1872, the market has cycled through 26 bull markets and 26 bear markets. Experienced investors who survived historical downturns like the dot-com crash, the 2008 financial crisis, and the 2020 pandemic often grow cautious during extended winning streaks like the one seen in 2026. Nevertheless, history shows that even severe bear market drawdowns are eventually followed by remarkable recoveries and new all-time highs.

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The U.S. stock market has historically recorded a solid long-term average annual return of about 10 percent, going through 26 bull and bear markets centered around the S&P 500 index. Amid the long-term upward rally continuing through recent 2026, investors must remain cautious of potential periodic corrections. However, it has a history of overcoming major crises such as the past dot-com bubble and global financial crisis to reach all-time highs. Therefore, investors need a strategy to cope from a long-term perspective without being swayed by market volatility.

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Bear markets, which occur when the S&P 500 index falls 20 percent or more from its peak, have historically repeated and stem from short-term economic shocks or sluggish corporate earnings. However, as 100 years of statistics prove, the stock market eventually overcomes declines and rebounds, providing an important wealth-building opportunity for long-term investors.

In the bull scenario, continuous index growth improves investment sentiment and expands opportunities for additional profit generation, whereas in the bear scenario, increased volatility due to sudden selling acts as a risk. Indicators to watch are the 20 percent drop threshold of the S&P 500 index and macroeconomic fundamentals.

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